As one of the important point sources of environmental microplastic pollution, municipal wastewater has received extensive attention and recognition in recent years. However, little is known about the characteristic differences of microplastics between industrial and domestic wastewater. This study taken the Haicang wastewater treatment plant in Xiamen, China as a case study to compare the abundance, particle size, type and color of microplastics in industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater. It was found that the abundance of microplastics in industrial wastewater was more than twice that of domestic wastewater, and there were obviously differences in morphology, type and particle size distribution between them. Industrial sources contributed more to the microplastics pollution of municipal wastewater, and at the same time, more other pollutants were adsorbed by industrial-based microplastics, which may cause greater harm of compound pollution. It is recommended that industrial sources should be the priority control direction of microplastics in wastewater.